1.
(46)A new study shows that the time it takes for humans and all other mammals to start walking fits closely with the size of their brains.
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(46)A new study shows that the time it takes for humans and all other mammals to start walking fits closely with the size of their brains.
【译文】一项新的研究显示, 人类和其他所有的哺乳动物开始行走的时间与它们的脑容量有着密切的关系。
【采分点】一项新的研究显示,——0.5分
人类和其他所有的哺乳动物开始行走的时间——1分
与它们的脑容量有着密切的关系。——0.5分
【语法考点】基本句型，宾语从句，定语从句
【语法结构分析】A new study shows // that the time it takes for humans and all other mammals to start walking fits closely with the size of their brains.
本句的主体结构是主谓宾。主语是“A new study (一项新的研究)”, that所引导的宾语从句是研究所显示的内容, “ it takes for humans and all other mammals to start walking” 是定语从句，用来修饰time的内容, 即:“人类和其他所有的哺乳动物开始行走的时间”, 其中it是从句的形式主语, 真实主语是 to start walking, 在翻译时将其前置替换 it, “fits closely with” 是固定搭配,即:“与……关系密切”; size在本句中要与 brain构成短语,因此不能简单翻译成“大小、尺寸”, “the size of their brains”，“应该译成脑容量”。
【词汇】fit：vt. 与…相符； size： 大小，尺寸；
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2.
(47) Martin Garwicz discovered that the schedules by which ferrets(雪豹) and rats acquire various motor skills，such as crawling and walking, are strikingly similar to each other；the progress simply happens faster for rats.
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(47) Martin Garwicz discovered that the schedules by which ferrets(雪豹) and rats acquire various motor skills，such as crawling and walking, are strikingly similar to each other；the progress simply happens faster for rats.
【译文】马丁·盖特威茨发现, 雪貂和小鼠获得不同运动技巧的时间表，例如攀爬和行走，彼此具有惊人的相似性，只不过小鼠的发育稍微快一些。
【采分点】马丁·盖特威茨发现, ——0.5分；
雪貂和小鼠获得不同运动技巧的时间表，例如攀爬和行走，彼此具有惊人的相似性，——1分；
只不过小鼠的发育稍微快一些。——0.5分；
【语法考点】基本句型，宾语从句，定语从句
【语法结构分析】Martin Garwicz discovered // that the schedules by which ferrets (雪豹) and rats acquire various motor skills，such as crawling and walking, are strikingly similar to each other；// the progress simply happens faster for rats.
主干部分为 Martin Garwicz discovered that…, that引导宾语从句。从句中的主干部分为the schedules are strikingly similar to each other, by which引导定语从句修饰 the schedules.
【词汇】motor skills 运动技巧，strikingly：显著地，突出地
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3.
(48) They compared the time between conception and walking in 24 species and looked at how well this duration correlated with a range of variables, including gestation time, adult body mass, and adult brain mass.
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(48) They compared the time between conception and walking in 24 species and looked at how well this duration correlated with a range of variables, including gestation time, adult body mass, and adult brain mass.
【译文】他们比较了24个物种的妊娠和开始行走的时间, 并且观察这段时期与一系列变量间隔之间的关系, 这些变量包括怀孕时间、成年后体积、成年后脑容量。
【采分点】他们比较了24个物种的妊娠和开始行走的时间, ——0.5分
并且观察这段时期与一系列变量间隔之间的关系, ——1分
这些变量包括怀孕时间、成年后体积、成年后脑容量。——0.5分
【语法考点】基本句型， 宾语从句
【语法结构分析】They compared the time between conception and walking in 24 species // and looked at how well this duration correlated with a range of variables, // including gestation time, adult body mass, and adult brain mass.
本句中looked之前的and连接两个动宾关系的主句, look at之后所接的是宾语从句; conception此处作“怀孕，妊娠”解, 而不是常用的“概念”一意; including之后的是 variables (变量) 的内容。mass相当于41句中的size, 是“容量”之意。
【词汇】duration: 持续时间；variable： 变量
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4.
(49) Strikingly, a model based on adult brain mass and walking time in the other 23 species almost perfectly predicts when humans begin to walk.
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(49) Strikingly, a model based on adult brain mass and walking time in the other 23 species almost perfectly predicts when humans begin to walk.
【译文】很明显, 基于其他23种物种的成年脑体积及行走时间所建立起来的模型, 几乎可以准确地预测人类开始行走的时间。
【采分点】很明显, 基于其他23种物种的成年脑体积及行走时间所建立起来的模型, ——1.5分；
几乎可以准确地预测人类开始行走的时间。——0.5分；
【语法考点】基本句型，宾语从句；
【语法结构分析】Strikingly, a model based on adult brain mass and walking time in the other 23 species almost perfectly predicts // when humans begin to walk.
本句是一个主谓结构的句子; based on…23 species为过去分词短语作先行词model的后置定语, when humans begin to walk作 predict的宾语。
【词汇】brain mass 脑容量；
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5.
(50) The model is able to accommodate this quirk of human development because it uses the time it takes babies to learn to walk from conception, not birth.
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(50) The model is able to accommodate this quirk of human development because it uses the time it takes babies to learn to walk from conception, not birth.
【译文】这一模型还能够适用于人类发育的突发事件, 这是因为它所考虑的恰好是婴儿在妊娠期学习行走的时间, 而非出生之后。
【采分点】这一模型还能够适用于人类发育的突发事件, ——1分；
这是因为它所考虑的恰好是婴儿在妊娠期学习行走的时间, 而非出生之后。——1分。
【语法考点】基本句型，状语从句
【语法结构分析】The model is able to accommodate this quirk of human development // because it uses the time it takes babies to learn to walk from conception, not birth.
本句是一个前果后因的句子; because引导的是原因状语从句, accommodate本意是“容纳；供给；使适应”，此处宾语为quirk (怪异的现象), 故译为“解释”; it takes babies to lean to walk from conception, not birth用来说明time的内容, it是形式主语,真正的主语是 to learn to walk from conception, not birth。
【词汇】accommodate: 容纳；供给；使适应；
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6.
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions：
You have just returned from a visit to a university in Great Britain. And you were warmly treated there by Professor Smith. Please write a letter to express your thanks to him for his hospitality.
You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
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Section III Writing
Part A
【参考范文】
Dear Prof. Smith,
I would like to extend my gratitude very much for your hospitality and the help you offered me during my recent visit to your university.
It was very nice of you to introduce me to so many famous professors and celebrated scholars at your university. Under their guidance, I have gained a great deal of knowledge about the field I am interested in, which would greatly facilitate my future study and research. Above all, I feel obliged to you for the selfless assistance you render me in both my study and life. I appreciate it more than I can say.
I wish I could have an opportunity to repay your kindness when you come to China in the near future. Again with many thanks. I am looking forward to seeing you.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
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7.
Part B
52. Directions：
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. （20 points）
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Part B
【参考范文】
As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, two men are running away from the computer screen, which successfully captures our eyes. After a close watch, it is not difficult to find that they are frightened away by the internet rumor.
A conclusion could be drawn from the picture: internet is likely to produce negative effect to our life. And my words are based upon the following two reasons. On the top of the list is that the lack of legal penalty may lead to the state of this phenomenon. So far, relevant laws and regulations are still scarce concerning internet crime, and evidences are also hard to collect to prove people’s misdeeds, which may be responsible for the increasing rumor spreading. In addition, It is universally admitted that internet is a virtual world, and people in it are more likely to do something illegal and cruel because they don’t have to come into contact with the ones they are hurting in real life.
According to the analysis above, it is advisable for both the government and the individuals to take steps to reverse this evil trend. Of all the steps, mass media may play a major role in solving this problem by enforcing stricter monitoring system.
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